The Roman Map of Britain Bodra Eden estuary (Solway Firth), Cumberland

Bdora var. Bdona, the Paris ms. has a lacuna (R&C 252) next
Itouna Ituna (Ptolemy II 3 2)


By its position alone, the assignment of Bdora / Bdona points to the otherwise omitted Eden. It could be the result of voicing Ed- for It-, but a miscopying of Eituna seems more probable.


16 October 2004
It occurs that as with Isannavanta = Bannaventa, B can result from IS or text divider and S ( |S). The d could represent 'ol'. This would provide a path to *Soloua, the Solway (Sulewad 1218, Sulway ca.1300).


6August 2007
It is thoroughly exasperating to see another publication furthering the mistaken idea that there need be no geographical context to the names listed in the Cosmography, to whit: Breeze, Andrew - Tacitus, Ptolemy and the River Forth The Classical Quarterly (2007). Earlier this was presented as part of a presentation at the Dollar Conference of the Scottish Place-name Society, Saturday 5th November 2005.

The name Bdora is recorded among the names of the Annan and the Nith, with no mention of the Eden (Ptolemy's Ituna). These rivers are preceded by others along the Cumbrian coast and followed by the rivers Ayre (Adron) and Cree (Certis). What should have been recognized is that while Bodra 'dirty' describes an estuary, the name needs not and should not be considered unique to the Forth. The name suits both the Solway Firth as well as the Firth of Forth.